Infrared (IR) Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Module

⚙️ Electrical Specifications
Operating Voltage: 3.3V – 5V DC
Operating Current: ~20 mA (typical)
Power Consumption: ~100 mW
Output Type: Digital (TTL level)
📏 Detection Specifications
Detection Distance: ~2 cm to 30 cm (adjustable)
Optimal Range: 2 cm – 15 cm
Detection Angle: ~35°
Response Time: < 2 ms
🔌 Module Interface
Output Modes:
Digital Output (D0) – HIGH/LOW signal when obstacle is detected
Pin Configuration (3-pin module):
VCC – Power supply (3.3V–5V)
GND – Ground
OUT – Digital output signal
🧠 Working Principle
The IR LED emits infrared light
If an object is present, the light reflects back
The receiver detects reflected IR light
The onboard comparator processes the signal and outputs HIGH or LOW

Detection depends on:

Object distance
Surface color (white reflects better than black)
Ambient light conditions
🔧 Module Features
Comparator IC: LM393
Adjustable Sensitivity: via onboard potentiometer
Indicator LEDs:
Power LED
Detection (status) LED
🌡️ Environmental Specifications
Operating Temperature: −10°C to +50°C
Humidity: < 85% RH
📐 Physical Specifications
Module Size: ~32 mm × 14 mm × 8 mm
Weight: ~3–5 g
Mounting: Single hole or PCB mount
🔗 Compatibility

Works with:

Arduino (Uno, Nano, Mega)
ESP32 / ESP8266
Raspberry Pi
Robotics platforms (line-following robots, obstacle avoidance cars)
⚡ Key Features
Simple and low-cost obstacle detection
Adjustable sensing distance
Fast response time
Easy interface (digital output only)
⚠️ Limitations
Affected by:
Sunlight and strong ambient IR
Dark or non-reflective surfaces
Short detection range
Cannot measure exact distance (only detect presence)